There is evidence that among lower forms of animal life behavioral characteristics can be transferred from one individual to another along with the transfer of the chemical substance known as RNA. In an experimental study of this transfer behavior, 8 salamanders are divided at random into 2 equal-sized groups of 4. One group will be the experimental group and the other the control group.
a. Show that there are 70 different ways the 2 groups can be formed.
b. What is the probability that the 4 fastest swimmers are all in the same group?
c. What is the probability that 3 of the 4 fastest swimmers are in the same group?
d. All of the salamanders in one group (called the experimental group) received RNA from a salamander that has been trained to swim fast. The other group (called the control group) receives RNA from an untrained salamander. Before one could believe that behavior is transferred with RNA, what should the number of fastest swimmers in the experimental group be? Explain.