1. There is a strong correlation between the number of firefighters that show up at a fire and the amount of damage produced by fire. The size of the fire influences both the number of firefighters and the amount of damage. This illustrates that the relationship between the number of firefighters and the amount of damage is:
a. caused by a third factor
b. casual
c. not correlational
d. a real relationship
e. cannot tell from the information given
2. Which of the following is(are) TRUE regarding the nomothetic model of explanation?
a. it is inevitably probabilistic
b. it isolates a few considerations that provide a partial explanation for the phenomenon under study
c. its goal is to provide the greatest amount of explanation with the fewest number of variables
d. it seldom, if ever, provides a complete explanation
e. all of these choices are TRUE
3. Which of the following statements is(are) TRUE?
a. being arrested is a necessary cause for having a criminal trial.
b. a child's birth is a sufficient cause for having a cigar.
c. a child's birth is a necessary cause for having a cigar.
d. being arrested is a sufficient cause for having a criminal trial.
e. all of these choices are true.
4.Descriptive studies DO NOT
a. study relationships between variables
b. tell why something occurred
c. use operational definitions
d. use concepts
e. use conceptualizations
5. A single U.S. Census is a
a. cross-sectional study
b. panel study
c. time series study
d. trend study
e. longitudinal study
6. It is possible to draw approximate conclusions about processes that take place over time when using cross-sectional data by
a. making logical inferences whenever the time order of variables is clear
b. asking people to report information from their past
c. examining the data within age groups
d. all of these choices
e. making logical inferences whenever the time order of variables is clear and by asking people to report information from their past
7. Which of the following designs uncovers only net changes?
a. cohort and tend studies
b. trend and panel studies
c. cohort and panel studies
d. cohort and cross-sectional studies
e. trend and cross-sectional studies
8. Which of the following is NOT an element of a research proposal?
a. a literature review
b. a measurement description
c. a description of data collection methods
d. a description of the subjects whom you will study
e. all of these choices are elements of a research proposal