The spontaneous flipping of a bit stored in a computer


The spontaneous flipping of a bit stored in a computer memory is called a "soft fail. Soft fails are rare, averaging only one per million hours per chip. However, the probability of a soft fail is increased when the chip is exposed to a particles (helium nuclei) which occur naturally in the environment. Assume that the probability of a soft fail under these conditions is 1/1000. If a chip containing 6000 bits is exposed to a particles, what is the probability that there will be at least one soft fail? Would you be surprised if there were more than five soft fails? Explain, based on the probability of this occurring. (McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science and Technology, 1981, p. 142.)

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Basic Statistics: The spontaneous flipping of a bit stored in a computer
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