1.A star-bus hybrid topology consists of a main three branch star toplogy with each branch connecting three stations in a bus topology. This toplogy is changed to a new bus-ring hybrid topology with main five station bus topology and one of the stations on this bus topology being part of a five station ring topology. In this new hybrid topology, only one station is common to the bus and the ring topologies. Compare the number of transmission paths required in these two hybrid topologies.
2. A constellation diagram has two points located at (2,0) and (3,0) on the I(in-phase)-Q(quadrature phase) plane. Find the value of peak amplitude and the type of modulation this diagram represents.
3. The Russian president and the Chinese counterpart need to come to an agreement by telephone. Neither can speak and understand each other's language. They need to employ translators. Compare this layered communication to OSI layers