The Protein synthesis is very significant because it is by the use of genetic information to synthesize proteins in which the genes in the DNA are expressed in the phenotype. Make clear you understand what really proteins are and why they are so much significant.
Protein synthesis contained two big steps and various other smaller steps depending on the organism. The two big steps are called as translation and transcription. Transcription contains the synthesis of an RNA transcript using the cell's DNA as a template leading to mRNA (messenger RNA). In eukaryotic cells transcription occurs in the nucleus. Once the messenger RNA is establish it then is transported to the cytoplasm where the information included in the mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide.