The layout of the required water demands for a proposed industrial complex are shown in Fig. P11.42. Design an appropriate network and determine the appropriate useful power for a pump to meet the demand needs. The design criteria are as follows:
1. The lower reservoir supplies water to the system. The upper reservoir supplies water for emergency use only, such as fire, line breaks, and so on; under normal operation, there is no flow into or out of it.
2. Under normal operation, pressures in the network can range between 80 and 120 psi.
3. Two gate valves are to be placed in each line (one at each end) to isolate it in case of a break or for needed maintenance.
4. All demands must be met in case of a single line break with minimum allowable pressures of 20 psi.
5. Pipes are cast iron, with the following standard diameters available: 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 42, and 48 in. Pipes can be placed anywhere within the region.
