Question 1.1. The study of Anatomy is the study of:
All forms of life.
An oroganism's body shape, structure and parts.
The function of body parts
The embryo's development to birth.
Question 2.2. My thigh, as compared to my foot, can best be described as _______________ from my trunk.
Medial
Sagittal
Distal
Proximal
Question 3.3. The horizontal cut dividing the body into upper and lower sections is called the ____________ plane.
Frontal
Transverse
Coronal
Sagittal
Question 4.4. The process of breaking complex materials into simpler ones is called:
Catabolism
Anabolism
Metabolism
Regulation
Question 5.5. The maintenance of our bodies requires a balanced environment which is called:
Regulation
Metabolism
Homeostasis
Synthesis
Question 6.6. Glands that secrete hormones into ducts are called:
Apocrine
Endocrine
Exocrine
Secretory
Question 7.7. The epidermis is composed primarily of:
Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue
Nervous Tissue
Adipose Tissue
Question 8.8. The serous membrane lining the body cavity that contains the heart is called:
Endothelium
Pleura
Pericardium
Peritoneum
Question 9.9. The layer of the skin which is vascular is:
Epidermis
Dermis
Superficial Fascia
Deep Fascia
Question 10.10. The cell's control center is the:
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Question 11.11. The barrier between the intracellular and extracellular environments is called the:
Nuclear membrane
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Question 12.12. Watery, gel-like substance within the cell that surrounds the organelles and nucleus is called the:
Plasma
Lymph fluid
Interstial fluid
Cytoplasm
Question 13.13. The exchange of high concentration particles (ie. solutes, like nutrients in the blood) to lower concentration areas (ie. cells in the tissues) across a membrane is called:
Osmosis
Diffusion
Repiration
Filtration
Question 14.14. In the anatomical position, which of the following is true?
The thoracic cavity is inferior to the thighs.
The palms of the hand face backwards.
The thumb is medial to the little finger.
The ankle is distal to the knee.
Question 15.15. The two layers of the skin are:
The dermis and the subcutaneous layer.
The dermis and the fascia.
The dermis and the epidermis.
The superficial fascia and the epidermis.
Question 16.16. The glands that lubricate the skin and hair shaft are called:
Endocrine
Sebaceous
Sudoriferous
Keratinized
Question 17.17. Whih of the following is not a function o the integumentary system?
Protects and senses.
Regulates body temperature.
Synthesizes Vitamin D.
Stores nutrients.
Hematopoiesis
Question 18.18. Type of muscle tissue found in hollow organs and is used for peristalsis.
Skeletal muscle
Striated
Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Voluntary
Question 19.19. This bone disorder affects women more than men and involves the loss of bone mass. Weight-bearing exercise and good nutrition for bone development help prevent this.
Osteomyelitis
Osteoporosis
Osteosarcoma
Occipital Headache
Question 20.20. A sprain injury is where we find:
Muscle damage.
Inflamed, swollen intervertebral disk.
Ligament damage.
Bone malpositions.
Question 21.21. Besides protection and support, the functions of the skeletal system include:
Manufacture of Vitamin D
Aborption of certain chemicals and drugs.
Hemopoiesis and hematopoiesis
Sensory perception.
Question 22.22. If I bend over to tie my shoes, the trunk movement is called:
Pronation
Adduction
Flexion
Circumduction
Question 23.23. A muscle that opposes another muscle's movement is called a(n):
Synergist
Antagonist
Agonist
Prime Mover
Protagonist
Question 24.24. The connective tissue sac that acts as a cushion where there is a lot of friction between a tendon and its attachment site.
Meniscus
Synovial joint
Bursa
Ligament
Aponeurosis
Question 25.25. The skeletal system is broken into the ___________________ divisions.
Axon and Axial
Cranial and Appendicular
Axial and Appendicular
Cranial, Spinal and Extremities
Question 26.26. The long tubular portin (shaft) of a long bone is called the:
Periosteum
Diaphysis
Epiphysis
Medullary Canal (Cavity)
Question 27.27. An example of a ball and socket joint in the body is:
The TMJ joint.
The thumb
The hip
The Raciocarpal joint
None of the above.
Question 28.28. Name the forearm bone that attaches to the carpal bones on the lateral side of the wrist in anatomical position.
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Metacarpal
Question 29.29. The muscle that encircles the eyes to help close them when contracted is:
Orbicularis Oris
Platysma
Orbicularis Oculi
Frontalis
Question 30.30. This bone is made up of three bones which eventually fuse into one which creates the hip joint's acetabulum.
Femur
Ilium
Coxal
Sacrum
Question 31.31. Which of the following is (are) abdominal muscles?
External Intercostal
Internal Oblique
Rectus Abdominus
A and C
B anc C
Question 32.32. The PNS contains all EXCEPT:
Motor/Efferent Neurons
Somatic Neurons
Sensory/Afferent Neurons
Cranial Nerves
Associative Neurons
Question 33.33. Which proceses (parts) or extensions of the neuron carry impulses to the cell body?
Axons
Neurilemma
Dendrites
Myelin Sheaths
Question 34.34. The part of the Autonomic Nervous System that stimulates the digestive system is called the:
Somatic
CNS
PNS
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Question 35.35. The hypothalamus:
Connects right and left halves of the brain.
Produces Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)
Is the innermost covering of the brain and spinal cord.
Helps the ANS regulate vital functions liek the heart rate, homonal release and water balance.
Question 36.36. The 31 pairs of spinal nerves are part of this nervous system division:
ANS
CNS
PNS
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Question 37.37. This progressive disease's cause is unknown. We suspect genetic, viral or environmental factors. It is characterized by plaques forming blocked connections to stored thoughts. What disease is this?
Poliomyelitis
Parkinson's
Multiple Sclerosis
Alzheimer's
Question 38.38. The reflex act (arc) is:
Voluntary, conscious simple and slow.
Involuntary, unconscious, simple and fast.
Voluntary, complex, unconscious and fast.
Involuntary, complex, conscious and slow.
Question 39.39. What allows the neuron to communicate to its effector?
Neuroglia
Neurilemma/myelin sheath
Neurotransmitters
Nodes of Ranvier
Question 40.40. The nerve cell that communicates between the afferent and efferent responses during a reflex act are called:
Neuroglia
Association neurons
Nodes of Ranvier
Reflexive neurons
Question 41.41. Cerebral spinal fluid:
Connects the rigth and left halves of hte brain.
Is a liquid shock absorber and transport for nutrients and wates of the nervous system.
Is the excitation of the nerve cells and muscle fibers.
Is the innermost fibrous connective tissue covering of the brain and spinal cord.
Question 42.42. Neurotransmitters
Carry electrical impulses from the peripheral nervous system to the brain.
Line the cavity within the brain housing the choroid plexus.
Are the chemicals released by the axon, helping the impulse across the synaptic cleft.
Are part of the diencephalon that helps with the Autonomic Nervous System.
Question 43.43. The part of the nervous system that consists of peripheral nerves and ganglia that carry impulses to involuntary smooth muscles, secretory glands and heart muscle:
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Stereo System (SS)
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Question 44.44. Nerves carrying impulses from organs or parts of the body to the spinal cord and brain are called:
Motor/Efferent
MIxed/Both Sensory and Motor
Sensory/Afferent
Interneuron/Association Neurons
Question 45.45. Which processes (parts) of the neuron help with speed of transmission (speed of the impulse)?
Dendrites
Neurolemma/Myelin sheaths
Cell body
Synaptic Cleft
Question 46.46. What is the name of your "fight or flight" system of the Autonomic Nervous System?
Parasympathetic
Pathetic
Empathetic
Sympathetic
Question 47.47. Which nerves carry both sensory and motor impulses?
Efferent
Afferent
Mixed
Associative
Question 48.48. When motor nerves fail to function, a person cannot:
Feel light touch
Feel pain
Feel heat
Move body parts
Question 49.49. When the body detects a low metabolism, it wil stimulate the __________ gland to secrete TSH.
Thyroid
Adrenals
Anterior Pituitary
Thymus
Posterior Pituitary
Question 50.50. The hormone secreted by the adrenal glands to raise blood glucose is called:
Androgen
Glycogen
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Question 51.51. Defective retinal cones result in:
Glaucoma
Night blindness
Conjunctivitis
Color Blindness
Question 52.52. The pathway of vision is:
Pupil, optic nerve, retina, occipital lobe
Lens, pupil, retina, parietal lobe
Pupil, lens, retina, optice nerve, occipital lobe
Lens, retina, optic nerve, temporal lobe
Question 53.53. The pancreas
Produces bile for the small intestine.
Emulsifies fats.
Produces insulin and glucagon.
Produces epinephrine and vasopressin
Question 54.54. Which of the following statements regardingswense of smell is incorrect?
Air must pass through the nose to stimulate olfactory receptror.
Olfactory receptors are sensitive to low concentration of odors.
After smelling a substance for awhile, we become more sensitive to it.
Sense of smell is reduced if a person has a respiratory infection.
Question 55.55. Excessive intraocular pressure due to a buildup of aqueous humor is called:
Glaucoma
Night blindness
Cunjunctivitis
Color Blindness
Question 56.56. The taste receptors of the tongue are found on:
Pupillae
Papillae
Vestibule
Pineal
Question 57.57. This gland produces melatonin.
Anterior PItuitary
Posterior Pituitary
Adrenal Cortex
Pineal
Question 58.58. The eye structure which adjusts size to allow or inhibit light is:
Lens
Pupil
Sclera
Ciliary body
Question 59.59. The structure which houses the rods and cones is:
The sclera
The conjunctiva
The retina
The choroid layer
Question 60.60. The tympanic membrane sits at the end of the:
Semicircular canals
Sclera
Eustachian Tube
External Auditory Canal
Question 61.61. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are produced in the:
Anterior Pituitary
Posteriori Pituitary
Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal Medulla
Question 62.62. When the tricuspid valve is open, which of these statements is true?
The bicuspid valve is closed.
The ventricles contract.
The blood enters the aorta.
The blood enters the pulmonary arteries.
The ventricles are in diastole.
Question 63.63. The mitral valve is located between the:
Left atrium and left ventricle
Right atrium and right ventricle
Left ventricle and aorta.
Right ventricle and lungs.
Question 64.64. Specialized cells of the right atrium that act as a heart beat initiator are called:
Bundle of His
AV Node
SA Node
Purkinje Fibers
Question 65.65. A component of blood which contains water, amino acids, proteins, electroloytes, gases and wastes.
Platelet
Antigen
Cytoplasm
Plasma
Question 66.66. John has B+k blood. He has _____ in his blood.
A and B antibodies
A antibodies
B antibodies
O antigen
Question 67.67. The muscle of the heart is called the:
Endocardium
Myocardium
Pericardium
Tunica
Question 68.68. Hypertension:
Is low blood pressure
Is an infection in the blood
Is characterized by a consistent measure of 140/90 or higher
Is a bluish color to the skin and lips
Question 69.69. A heart rate of 100 or more beats per minute is called;
Arrhythmia
Hypertension
Bradycardia
Tachycardia
Question 70.70. 120/80:
Indicates hypotension
Is a normal blood pressure
Indicates hypertension
Indicates excessive exercise
Question 71.71. Cyanosis is:
A sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain.
An accumulated fatty buildup in the vessels.
Lack of exercise.
Lack of oxygen causing a bluish tint to the skin.
Question 72.72. The upper chamber of the heart which receives relatively deoxygenated blood from the body.
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Question 73.73. The large artery supplying branches to the thorax.
Great saphenous
Femoral
Aorta
Inferior Vena Cava
Question 74.74. Small vessels which have lots of elastic layers for vasoconstriction are called:
Venules
Arteries
Capillaries
Arterioles
Question 75.75. Chief functions of the digestive system are:
Catabolism, ansorption and elimination
Anabolism, ingestion and elimination
Catabolism and ingestion
Anabolism and defecation
Question 76.76. This is the major site of absorption for digested carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids as well as vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes.
Large intestine
Stomach
Small intestine
Oral Cavity
Question 77.77. The tube connecting the middle ear and the nasopharynx:
Trachea
Bronchi
Oropharynx
Eustachian Tube
Question 78.78. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a disorder also known as hiatal hernia or heartburn. It is caused by a weakening of which organ/structure:
Esophagus
Pyloric Sphincter
Cardiac Sphincter
Oropharynx
Question 79.79. Asthma is due to:
The inflammatino of the nasal mucous membrane.
The failure of the lungs to expand.
Growths in the sinus cavity.
The obstruction of hte airway due to an inflammatory response.
Question 80.80. Difficult breathing is known as:
Dyspnea
Eupnea
Apnea
Orthopnea
Question 81.81. The principal function of internal respiration is:
Exchange of gases in the alveoli and the capillaries.
Excrete gases created during chemical reactions in the cell.
Exchange of gases between the environment and the lungs (alveoli).
None of the above.
Question 82.82. The double layered membrane covering the lungs is called the:
Pericardium
Phlegm
Pleura
Peritoneum
Question 83.83. What allows for normal inhalation?
Diaphragm contraction and elastic recoil
Diaphragm and internal intercostal contraction.
Diaphragm relaxation and elastic recoil.
Diaphragm and external intercostals contraction.
Question 84.84. Our diaphragm is controlled for contraction directly by the:
Vagus Nerve
Medulla Oblongata
Phrenic Nerve
Herring Breuer Reflex
Question 85.85. The colon is also known as the:
Esophagus
Small Intestine
Rectum
Large Intestine
Question 86.86. All are part of the small intestine EXCEPT:
Cecum
Ileum
Jejunum
Duedenum
Question 87.87. The gall bladder and pancreas send secretions to this part of the small intestine:
Ilium
Duodenum
Cecum
Ileum
Question 88.88. The eustachian or audtiory tube does all of the follwoing except:
Connects the middle ear to the pharynx.
Stabilizes pressure inside and outside of the head.
Gives resonance for sound.
Drains the ear.
Question 89.89. Site of gas exchange within the lung:
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Laryngopharynx
Alveoli
Question 90.90. This prevents food from entering the trachea.
Epiglottis
Laryngopharynx
Uvula
Eustachian tube
Question 91.91. Shared passageway for air and food.
Trachea
Bronchi
Nasopharynx
Pharynx
Question 92.92. This organ creates bile.
Small intestine
Liver
Gall Bladder
Pancreas
Question 93.93. This organ has chief, parietal and goblet cells for secretion.
Large intestine
Small intestine
Parotid gland
Stomach
Question 94.94. This organ absorbs water and synthesizes Vitamin K.
Small Intestine
Liver
Large Intestine
Stomach
Question 95.95. Peristaltic contractions are used in this organ to move a bolus.
Esophagus
Parotid gland
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Question 96.96. This structure receives air and has sensory receptors for gustation.
Oropharynx
Nasopharynx
Nasal Cavity
Trachea
Oral Cavity
Question 97.97. The gender of the child is determined by:
Chromosomes from the male parent.
Chromosomes from the female parent.
Either male or female parent.
The timing of the pregnancy.
Question 98.98. There are several stages of mensturation. Days 1-10 are called:
Corpus Luteum
Follicular
Menstruation
Ovulation
Question 99.99. The hormone produced in the interstiial tissue is:
Testosterone
Progesterone
Pregnenolone
Estrogen
Question 100.100. The order in which metabolic waste leaves the body:
Kidneys, urethra, bladder, ureters.
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra.
Urethra, kidneys, ureters, bladder.
Kidneys, bladder, ureters, urethra.
Question 101.101. The outer part of the kidney, the cortex is made up of a million:
Sperm
Calyces
Pyramids
Nephrons
Question 102.102. Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the urinary bladder is called:
Pyelonephritis
Cystitis
Oliguria
Nephritis
Question 103.103. The structural and functional unit of the kidney is the:
Renal corpuscle
Pyramid
Renal Cortex
Nephron
Loop of Henle
Question 104.104. All of the below are true of Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis EXCEPT:
Cause of disease differs; wear and tear versus autoimmunity
Cause is genetic versus trauma, repetitive motion and structural changes
Both cause joint deformation
Both are largely charcterized by osteophytes or bony spur formations
Both can have pain and swelling
Question 105.105. The layer of the uterus that sloughs off during menstruation is:
Serous
Myometrium
Endometrium
Peritoneum
Question 106.106. All cranial nerves are mixed nerves. True or False?
True
False
Question 107.107. The cardiovascular system interacts directly with the:
Lymphatic vessels
Integumentary Epidermis
Respiratory System
A and C
A, B, and C
Question 108.108. The prevention of disease transmission can be done by all of the following EXCEPT:
Wear protective clothing.
Wash hands regularly and thoroughly.
Use lotion with latex gloves
Use alcohol swabs and sanitized products
Dispose of blood products and needles in the trash.