Question 1. The idea that the assisted suicide of terminally ill patients should be allowed simply at the patient's direction reflects what type of ethics?
Hobbes' State of Nature
Rand's Objectivism
Aristotle's concept of Virtue
Thomas Aquinas' concept of conscience
Socrates' concept of excellence
Question 2. What is the moral ideal of compassion?
Acts of unmerited kindness
Sentiment in response to the suffering of others
Acknowledging the sufferings of others
Acts of altruism
Acts contrary to Objectivism
Question 3. One of the common errors in Ethics is that of the double standard. Double standard consists of what?
Discriminating in the application of ethical criteria based on our own preferences
Setting aside ethical criteria in special cases
Taking steps to avoid condemnation of others
Using one set of criteria for judging cases concerning ourselves and another for all others
Suspending judgment when concerned that the consequences would be too severe
Question 4. Prescriptive language used in ethical discussions is characterized by which of the following words?
Cannot be
Could be
Used to be
Should be
Must be
Question 5. Ethical Egoism proposes that all decisions should be made to promote what?
Our fiduciary responsibilities
The good will of others
Our self-interests
The welfare of the community
Stronger relationships
Question 6. John Locke, as a Social Contract theorist, is said to have been the most influential person who was not actually present at the table when what document was written?
The Articles of Confederation
The Declaration of Independence
The Magna Carta
The Constitution
The Treaty of Westphalia
Question 7. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was created through a congressional enabling act as a governmental agency to act on the concerns voiced by environmental ethicists. Their actions include which of the following?
Subpoena regulation offenders
Monitor situations of environmental concern
Fine offenders
Sponsor new legislation on environmental issues
All of the above.
Question 8. Kant said that the only thing "good without qualification" is what?
The best interests of all concerned
Acts of mercy
The amount of happiness produced
Personal virtues
A good will
Question 9. "We ought to do whatever will promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number." This is an example of what?
Ethical Egoism
Utilitarianism
Kant's Categorical Imperative
Social Contract Theory
Gilligan
Question 10. What is the purpose of proving whether a syllogism of formal logic is "valid"?
To identify the connecting phrase "therefore" or a synonym of it before proceeding further
To determine whether the situation described is accurate
To determine whether the premises are true before continuing
To determine whether the conclusion proceeds from the premises
To determine that there are only two premise statements in the syllogism
Question 11. Different from normal problem solving, dilemmas are different in what aspect?
Problems are much more complicated
When one choice is chosen, the opportunity for the others is lost
Problems are much more urgent
Problems are so much more real and less theoretical
Problems usually involve not honoring our own virtues
Question 12. Where did Thomas Aquinas say that conscience originates?
Through the hard work of reasoning
Direct gift from God in all cultures through natural law
An a priori source
By observing the objects and actions of the world
An empirical response of guilt for past actions
Question 13. The single criterion for making decisions in objectivist ethics is what?
Professional development
Personal self-interest
The physical environment
Financial gain
The close group of family and friends who will be impacted
Question 14. The world view of ruthless and unending competition for property and wealth was spelled out in which of these concepts?
Locke's notion of the natural state of man
Rawls' notion of the veil of ignorance
Aristotle's notion of the doctrine of the mean
Hammurabi's code of law
Hobbes' state of nature
Question 15. Kant's concern that people choose to observe universal laws as their duty is expressed through what actions?
Their habits
Their maxims
Their desires
Their loves
Their loyalties
Question 16. Aristotle taught the value of developing personal habits through what method?
Aspiring to greatness through leadership
Repetitive patterns of excellent behaviors
A moderate realism in living
Participation in the politics of one's city
Studying the teaching of master teachers
Question 17. Professional societies with codes of ethics and conduct enforce what standard on members beyond the paying of dues?
Not to engage in other businesses for profit outside of the profession
Personal standards of behavior for family members
Pricing structures for services
Non-competition among members
Meeting ethical and competency standards in order to practice within a jurisdiction
Question 18. Aristotle's Ethical Doctrine of the Mean measured personal virtues on a scale that included the virtue itself, the excess of it, and the deficiency of it.
If the virtue is COURAGE and the deficiency is COWARDICE, what is the excess?
Wisdom
Moderation
There is no excess
Recklessness
Love
Question 19. The Ethical Resolution Models practiced during Week 6 provide people in conflict with greater opportunity to consider the consequences of their actions. What type of ethics is this?
Deontological
Care-based
Social Contract
Aristotelian
Utilitarian
Question 20. The Latin term a priori describes the origin of knowledge developed rationally, and the term a posteriori describes knowledge developed through observation and experience. What is an example of ethics is best described as discovered in an a postiori manner?
Social ethics
Care-based ethics
Consequentialist ethics
Theological ethics
Operational ethics