1. The Kingston-Newburgh study of fluoride's effect on tooth decay illustrates which of the following questions of disease distribution?
a. who
b. when
c where
d. all of the above
2. The intrapersonal level in the ecological model of health behavior is most influenced by which of the following factors?
a. Self efficacy
b. Family and friends
c. School or work
d. Laws and regulations
3. An announcement was made in a college dormitory that, for the next month, a natural foods company was testing an herbal tea for its effectiveness in curing headaches. Any time that a resident had a headache, he or she was given a free sample of the tea and asked to complete a questionnaire the following day on whether the tea had helped. What is the most likely source of error in this study?
a. the placebo effect
b. reporting bias
c. confounding variable
d. random variation
4.Which of the following statements was not a finding of the British Doctors Study?
a. Deaths from heart attacks were higher in heavy smokers.
b. Deaths from lung cancer were higher in urban areas than rural areas.
c. Death rates from lung cancer increased with the amount smoked.
d. Death rates from lung cancer were lower in ex-smokers than current smokers.
5. Which of the following was not a response to the Eighteenth amendment?
a. Decrease in the consumption of alcohol
b. Decrease in organized crime
c. Decrease in cirrhosis of the liver
d. The Roaring Twenties
6. Congenital defects may be caused by all the following factors except:
a. Influenza vaccine
b. Some drugs and chemicals
c. Genetics
d. Some bacteria and viruses