The following ORs are reported for several hypothetical examples. Give your interpretation of the results, assuming all results are statistically significant unless otherwise specified.
a. OR (low-fat diet and colon cancer) = 0.6
b. OR (aerobic exercise and dental caries) = 1 (not significant)
c. OR (exposure to side-stream cigarette smoke and lung cancer) = 1.3
d. OR (infectious disease of the pelvis and ectopic (tubal) pregnancy) = 3.0