The Crusades had many significant effect on the world civilizations. What were the crusades and why did they occur? What effects and outcomes did these military entanglements have on the peoples and institutions of the 11th through 14th centuries? In your answer address the social, political, religious, and cultural factors that contributed to the original call for crusade in 1095, as well as the goals and motivations of those involved. In addition discuss specific ways in which the crusades affected the social, cultural, religious and/or political spheres of at least TWO different civilizations or religious groups.