CASE STUDY Diets and Weight Loss
A study in The Journal of the American Medical Association describes the effects of diets on weight control. In the study, 311 women were randomly divided into four groups. The first group followed the Atkins diet, which is based on very low carbohydrate intake. The second group followed the LEARN (lifestyle, exercise, attitudes, relationships, nutrition) diet, which is based on low fat and high carbohydrate intake. The third group followed the Ornish diet, which is based on very high carbohydrate intake. The fourth group followed the Zone diet, which is based on low carbohydrate intake.
Each group received weekly instruction for two months, and there was a follow-up one year from the beginning of the study. The mean weight losses of each group after one year on the diet are shown in the table below.
Exercises
The information given is:
|
|
|
Atkins
|
Learn
|
Ornish
|
Zone
|
|
n
|
77
|
79
|
76
|
79
|
|
Weight Loss
(in pounds)
|
Mean
|
10.36
|
5.73
|
4.85
|
3.53
|
|
SD
|
15.79
|
12.50
|
13.73
|
12.00
|
In Exercises 1-4, perform a two-sample z-test to determine whether the mean weight losses of the two indicated groups are different. For each exercise write your conclusion as a sentence. Use α = 0.05.
- Test the weight losses of people in the Atkins group against those in the LEARN group.
- Test the weight losses of people in the Ornish group against those in the Zone group.
- Test the weight losses of people in the LEARN group against those in the Zone group.
- Test the weight losses of people in the Atkins group against those in the Ornish group.
Problem 5. Suppose that in another study, 42 people used an herbal supplement and a high fiber, low-calorie diet to lose weight. The mean weight loss of this group was 7.05 pounds and the standard deviation was 7.28 pounds
a. Test the mean weight loss of this group with the Atkins group described previously. Use α = 0.01.
b. Test the mean weight loss of this group with the Zone group described previously. Use α = 0.01.
Problem 6. In which comparisons in Exercises 1 - 5 did you find a difference in weight losses? Write a summary of your findings.