Start symbol to a string of tokens in which a appears


A non-terminal A is useless if there is no derivation from the start symbol to a string of tokens in which A appears.

(a) Give a mathematical formulation of this property.

(b) Is it likely that a programming language grammar will have a useless symbol? Explain

(c) Show that, if a grammar has a useless symbol, the computation of the First and Fellow sets as given in this chapter may produce sets that are too large to accurately construct an LL(1) parsing table. 

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Basic Computer Science: Start symbol to a string of tokens in which a appears
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