Question 1: What type of hypothesis posits a difference between groups where the direction is specified?
A. Nondirectional hypothesis
B. Directional hypothesis
C. Research hypothesis
D. Null hypothesis
Question 2: Approximately what percent of scores will fall within one standard deviation of the mean under the normal curve?
A. 14
B. 34
C. 68
D. 95
Question 3: What term is associated with scores that are at the extreme ends of the distribution?
A. Variability
B. Skew
C. Outlier
D. Percentile
Question 4: When are descriptive measures most often used?
A. to describe how often something occurs
B. to determine if a sample is representative of a population
C. to predict an outcome
D. to determine the effect of an intervention
Question 5: When calculating the average for a set of data with extreme scores (eg. household income), which measure of central tendency would be best used?
A. mean
B. median
C. mode
D. standard error
Question 6: What test would you want to use to test a nondirectional research hypothesis?
A. One-tailed test
B. Two-tailed test
C. Non-parametric test
D. Frequency test
Question 7:
What is the standard acceptable percentage used by social, behavioral and educational statisticians to determine the probability of an event occurring due to chance?
A. 1 percent
B. 5 percent
C. 95 percent
D. 99 percent
Question 8: What is the term associated with how flat or peaked a distribution appears?
A. Ogive
B. Skewness
C. Kurtosis
D. Variability
Question 9: The degree of risk you are willing to take that you will reject the null hypothesis when it is actually true is called ____________.
A. Statistical significance
B. Type II error
C. Type III error
D. Power
Question 10:
Which of the following provides you with a measure of how well your sample approximates the population?
A. Generalizability
B. Population
C. Hypothesis
D. Sampling error
Question 11: Which level of measurement is concerned only with the characteristics of an outcome that fits into a category?
A. ordinal
B. interval
C. rank
D. nominal
Question 12: If you posit a relationship between two variables as being positive (or negative), what type of test should you use?
A. Two-tailed
B. ANOVA
C. One-tailed
D. Cohen’s d
Question 13: Which of the following is a measure of how well a sample approximates the characteristics of a population?
A. sampling accuracy
B. sampling error
C. sampling generalizability
D. sampling consistency
Question 14: When describing a set of nominal data, a researcher should use which of the following measures of central tendency?
A. Mode
B. Median
C. Standard deviation
D. Mean
Question 15: What does your research question help to guide?
A. Relationships
B. Hypothesis
C. Sampling error
D. Average score
Question 16: When the sample accurately represents the population, the results of the study are said to have a high degree of ________.
A. reliability
B. validity
C. consistency
D. generalizability
Question 17: Variability is a measure of how much individual scores differ from the ______________.
A. Mean
B. Range
C. Standard deviation
D. Variance
Question 18: If the obtained value is less than the critical value, what should you do?
A. Reject the null hypothesis
B. Accept the null hypothesis
C. Set a higher p value
D. Increase your sample
Question 19: What is the basis for the normal curve and inferential statistics?
A. mean
B. asymptotic
C. probability
D. symmetry
Question 20: How are inferential statistics most often used?
A. to infer to the quality of data collected
B. to organize and describe data
C. to make inferences from the sample to the population
D. to plot the data