1. When the oxygen concentration of an air-sintered pure oxide is decreased by annealing in a reducing atmosphere, by how much is the Fermi level of this oxide changed?
2. Consider the addition of an acceptor dopant MO to L2O3 oxide. Show the change in defect concentrations with dopant amount. Assume that the major and minor defects in L2O3 are the Schottky defect and the electronic defect, respectively, and that all M cations go into L sites.