Shinran’s unique contribution to Pure Land doctrine could be expressed as an introduction of
a) an absolute faith that a single recitation of Amida’s name was enough for salvation.
b) chanting Amida’s name many times, until your throat is sore and bleeding.
c) chanting “Hail to the Lotus Dharma” while standing on a lotus platform.
d) secret decoder rings.
e) visualization of mandalas.