Say that the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Melnik bop is expressed in terms of bops per dollar. All of the following will cause this exchange rate to rise, ceteris paribus, except for:
A. a decrease in interest rates in the United States
B. an increase in U.S. demand for intricate carvings made exclusively by artists in Melnik
C. an increase in Melnik residents' demand for U.S. made cigarettes
D. a big increase in the number of American tourists visiting the beautiful archaeological sites of Melnik
E. an increase in interest rates in Melnik