Question: Refer to Example, comparing the proportion of children with ear infections while taking xylitol or a placebo. Read the discussion of Type 1 and Type 2 errors, and explain the consequences of each type of error if it were to have been made in this study.
Example: The Prevention of Ear Infections On the basis of its biochemical properties, Finnish researchers hypothesized that regular use of the sweetener xylitol might be useful for preventing ear infections in preschool children and carried out a study to test this hypothesis (Uhari, 1998).