Randomized encouragement trial is the clinical trials in which the participants are encouraged to change their behaviour in a particular manner (or not, if they are allocated to the control condition) but there is a little expectation on the behalf of the trial investigators that the participants will fully comply with the request or that there will not be the substantial minority who change their behaviour in the desired way without actually being asked (by trial investigators, at least) to do so. An instance includes randomizing expectant mothers (who are cigarette smokers) to receive the advice to cut down on or completely stop smoking during the pregnancy period. Number of the mothers will fail to reduce their smoking habits even though they have received sufficient encouragement to do so. On the other hand, number of them will cut down whether or not they have received the advice suggesting that they should stop smoking. Randomized encouragement to take part in the cancer screening programmes is another example of it. Again, adherence to the offer of screening will be far from the complete, but, on the other hand, there will always be people who will ask for examination in any case