Q. What is the homeostasis? What are the sensors, effectors and controllers of homeostasis?
Homeostasis comprises the processes by which the organism maintains extracellular and adequate intra conditions to keep possible the normal reactions of the metabolism.
Homeostatic sensors are structures that detect information from the outer and inner environment of the body. These sensors may be nervous receptor cells, membrane proteins or cytoplasmic and other specialized molecules. Controllers are structures responsible for interpreting and processing information received from the sensors. Controllers in general are specialized regions of the central nervous system but on the molecular level there are also some of them like DNA a molecule that can stimulate the expression of some genes or get information from proteins to inhibit. Effectors are elements commanded by the controllers that have the function of bringing about actions that in fact regulate and maintain the equilibrium of the organism, like cellular organelles, glands, muscles and so on and in the molecular level structures that participate in the genetic translation, the produced proteins, and so on.