Q. What are the homologous chromosomes? Which are the human cells that do not have homologous chromosomes?
Chromosomes contain genes genetic information in the form of nucleotide sequences that command the protein synthesis thus controlling and regulating the activities of the cell. In the nucleus of somatic cells of diploid beings every chromosome has its correspondent homologous chromosome, both containing alleles of the same genes related to same functions this occurs because one chromosome of one pair comes from the father and the other comes from the mother of the individual. The chromosomes that form a pair with alleles of the same genes are known as homologous chromosomes. In humans, there are twenty two (22) pairs of homologous chromosomes plus the pair of sex chromosomes the sex chromosomes are partially homologous.
The only human cells that don't have homologous chromosomes are the gametes since during meiosis the homologous chromosomes are separated.