Q. SPMD model for programming?
A normal assumption was that it must be possible and not too hard to capture the SPMD model for programming MIMD computers in data parallel languages along lines like successful SIMD languages. Several research prototype languages tried to do this with some success. By the 90s value of standardised, portable programming languages was universally renowned and there seemed to be some consensus about what a benchmark language for SPMD programming should look like. Then High Performance FORTRAN (HPF) standard was introduced.