Q. Mistakes may happen during each copying process. The same is true for the DNA replication. Are there correction systems in cells that try to mend those mistakes? Under which situation are the mistakes holds only by the individual owner of the cell within which the mistake has occurred and in which situation are they transmitted to other individuals?
The cell is equipped with an enzymatic system that tries to mend mistakes of the DNA replication process. This system however is not entirely efficient.
The DNA replication mistakes are set aside in the original individual where the failure occurred when the phenomenon affects somatic cells. If the replication mistake occurs in the formation of a germline cell (e.g., in gametes) the DNA modification may be transmitted to the offspring of the individual.