Q. Cleaning efficiency of Detergents and Soaps?
Soaps and detergents emulsify fats, oils and grease so that they are easily washed away. They usually contain chemical builders to enhance their cleaning efficiency. Soap is an oldest and best cleaning compound used but it forms an insoluble curd with hard water, hence not preferred. Instead, detergents are used.
A detergent is a substance which assists in cleaning when added to water. These are normally sodium salts of fatty acids. To be effective, a detergent must have a good wetting capacity and the ability to remove soil from surfaces and carry away residues. Soaps and detergents for household cleaning have a pH of 8.0 to 9.5.