Put the following arguments into standard form for their type and evaluate for strength according to the criteria for that type. Some reconstructions might involve adding premises.
A. One third of the 4,800 species of frog are threatened with extinction. The European Common Frog is a single species, despite existing in a variety of colors. So the European Common Frog is threatened with extinction.
B. 75% of the people who agree to work on the XYZ account end up getting promoted because of it. The CEO’s husband worked on the XYZ account, so that’s probably why he got promoted.
C. Almost every item in the store is on sale. The computer that I’ve been waiting to go on sale for well over a year is sold there. So it’s finally on sale.
D. The conclusion of the report was not confirmed by multiple sources. That’s because 90% of the report was not confirmed by more than one source.
E. 499 people paid for tickets at a rodeo but there are 1000 people in the seats. A spectator chosen at random should be sued for non-payment because he probably didn’t pay.
F. Because of the prevalence of false negatives and advanced cheating techniques, almost all dopers repeatedly test negative for performance enhancing drugs (PEDs). Michael Phelps has repeatedly tested negative for PEDs so he’s probably a doper.