For each of the following situations, explain whether or not the Fundamental Rule for Using Data for Inference holds.
a. Available Data: Salaries for a random sample of male and female professional basketball players. Research Question: Are women paid less than men who are in equivalent jobs?
b. Available Data: Pulse rates for smokers and nonsmokers in a large statistics class at a major university. Research Question: Do college-age smokers have higher pulse rates than college-age nonsmokers?