Use the formula for the number of subsets of a set with n elements to solve the problem.
1. Pasta comes with tomato sauce and can be ordered with some , all, or none of these ingredients in the sauce: {onions, garlic, carrots, broccoli,shrimp, mushrooms, zucchini, green pepper}. How many different variations are available for ordering pasta with tomato sauce.
2. A village has 4 fire engines. If a radio dispatcher receives a call, depending on the nature of the situation,no engines, one engine, two engines, three engines, or all four engines can be sent to a fire . How many options does the dispatcher have for sending the fire engines to the scene of the caller?