Question 1. The primary purpose of the DSM is to:
A. help psychologists assess normal, as well as abnormal, behavior.
B. keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum.
C. provide descriptive criteria for diagnosing mental disorders.
D. describe the causes of common psychological disorders.
Question 2. According to the sociocognitive explanation of multiple personality disorder:
A. troubled people begin to have intense attacks of profound fear and impending doom and are unable to interpret these attacks as a normal response to great stress.
B. this diagnosis provides a culturally acceptable way for some troubled people to make sense of their problems.
C. individuals who have had insecure attachments during the first three years of life tend to experience MPD symptoms when adult relationships end.
D. this disorder is associated with abnormalities in the central nervous system, problems with impulse control, and damage to the prefrontal cortex.
Question 3. __________ disorders involve rigidly maladaptive traits that cause great distress or an inability to get along with others.
A. Personality
B. Mood
C. Anxiety
D. Dissociative identity
Question 4. Psychological tests used to infer motives, conflicts, and unconscious dynamics on the basis of a person's interpretations of ambiguous stimuli are called:
A. clinical judgment tests.
B. inventories.
C. objective tests.
D. projective tests.
Question 5. Which of the following is a psychotic disorder marked by delusions, hallucinations, incoherent speech, emotional flatness, and a loss of motivation?
A. Schizophrenia
B. Psychopathy
C. Dissociative identity disorder
D. Antisocial personality disorder
Question 6. According to the vulnerability-stress explanation of depression:
A. upsetting events, such as the loss of a job, lead to depression
B. interactions between upsetting events and individual vulnerability lead to depression.
C. biological predispositions and learned helplessness lead to depression.
D. brooding and ruminating lead to depression
Question 7. Research on the genetic predisposition toward schizophrenia has indicated that:
A. the risk of schizophrenia for the unaffected twin, when an identical twins has schizophrenia, is greatly reduced if the twins have been reared apart.
B. among identical twins, when one twin develops schizophrenia the other twin has an 80 percent chance of developing schizophrenia.
C. children with two schizophrenic parents have a lifetime risk of developing schizophrenia of about 40 percent compared to a risk in the general population of about 1-2 percent.
D. children with one schizophrenic parent have a lifetime risk of developing schizophrenia of about 35 percent compared to a risk in the general population of about 1-2 percent.
Question 8. The chief characteristic of generalized anxiety disorder is:
A. continuous, uncontrollable anxiety or worry.
B. short-lived, but intense, feelings of spontaneous anxiety.
C. excessive fear of a particular situation.
D. repeated thoughts used to ward off anxious feelings.
Question 9. Critics point out that one of the problems of the DSM is that:
A. it does not assess social and environmental problems that can make the disorder worse, such as job and housing troubles or leaving a network of close friends.
B. it is too resistant to change and too reluctant to add new diagnostic categories, even though the concerns of 2005 are far different from those from 1952.
C. it relies too much on empirical evidence and research findings rather than focusing on the person who is at the heart of the diagnostic process.
D. it is not called the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and a Whole Bunch of Everyday Problems," yet the compilers keep adding everyday problems!
Question 10. The prevalence of mood disorders for each gender indicates that:
A. major depression occurs equally in both sexes, but bipolar disorder occurs two or three times as often among men as among women.
B. bipolar disorder occurs equally in both sexes, but major depression occurs two or three times as often among men as among women.
C. major depression occurs equally in both sexes, but bipolar disorder occurs two or three times as often among women as among men.
D. bipolar disorder occurs equally in both sexes, but major depression occurs two or three times as often among women as among men.
Question 11. The __________ school of therapy has, as one of its primary goals, self-acceptance and self-fulfillment.
A. behavioral
B. cognitive
C. humanist
D. psychoanalytic
Question 12. To get a prescription for an antidepressant, a patient would need to see a:
A. psychiatrist.
B. psychologist.
C. psychoanalyst.
D. psychotherapist.
Question 13. Psychologists who practice behavioral therapy focus primarily on their clients':
A. unconscious anxieties.
B. relationship with their parents.
C. current behavior and attitudes.
D. methods of coping with the inescapable realities of life.
Question 14. The most commonly used biological treatment is:
A. psychosurgery.
B. transcranial magnetic stimulation.
C. cranial massage therapy.
D. drug therapy.
Question 15. Cognitive therapy's greatest success has been in the treatment of __________ disorders.
A. mood
B. anxiety
C. antisocial personality
D. dissociative identity
Question 16. Many patients do not like to take antidepressant medications because these drugs can:
A. inhibit sexual desire.
B. become addictive.
C. produce weight loss.
D. decrease the positive symptoms of the illness.
Question 17. A therapist who challenges a patient's beliefs and may argue even that those beliefs don't make any rational sense is most likely a/an __________ therapist.
A. existential
B. humanistic
C. psychodynamic
D. cognitive
Question 18. The contemporary world of mental health appears to be turning increasingly to __________ solutions in treating mental illness.
A. behavioral-cognitive
B. biomedical
C. humanistic therapy
D. psychodynamic
Question 19. Psychoanalysis uses the technique of __________, which allows patients to delve into and explore their deep unconscious processes.
A. couch therapy
B. free association
C. systematic desensitization
D. transference
Question 20. Research into drug treatment has found that individuals who take an antidepressant:
A. prefer this treatment, even though there is little empirical evidence of its success.
B. will relapse if they also don't learn how to cope with their problem.
C. rarely need any other treatment.
D. can develop tardive dyskinesia.