Problem
Question I
The overall purpose of the chapter is to explain the dramatic transformation of sport from its roots in folk traditions to its more standardized and rationalized modern forms. It details how literature of the period (specifically Thomas Hughes' Tom Brown's Schooldays) served as a catalyst for this change, which laid foundations for using sport as a tool for nation building and other significant social ends.Identify and thoroughly explain the significant contributions that Thomas Hughes (Tom Brown's Schooldays) and Jeremy Bentham (Utilitarian Ethics) made on this transformation.
Question II
Fair play is an ideal, not an actuality. Moral philosophers often point out that ethics are made for people and not the other way around. Gambling problems serve as a good case in point. Gamblers need to be protected ethically in two ways and both of them have to do with concepts of fair play. The primary one is related to the "honest game". The game that is transparent, played by the rules, free of cheating, fixes, umpiring errors, and the like. The text book refers to this fairness as equal opportunity. But gamblers also know that participants in contests (whether horses or people) are not always equal in strength and ability. Therefore, odds or handicaps are required to assure the second sense of fairness, which is identified as having a chance to win.
Thoroughly explain and provide practical, well thought-out examples for the two concepts of fair play and their intersection:
Fair Play 1
Fair Play 2
Doubly Fair Play (Intersection of Fair play 1 and Fair Play 2)