Proteins can be unfolded, or denatured, by agents that alter the balance of weak noncovalent forces that maintain the native conformation. How would the following agents cause a protein to denature? Be specific about the type of intramolecular forces that would be affected.
A. Heat
B. pH
C. Amphiphilic detergents
D. Reducing agents such as 2-mercaptoethanol (HSCH2CH2OH).