Problem: Identifying Confounding
A study finds that people who bike to work have lower rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, further analysis shows that people who bike to work also tend to have higher incomes and better access to healthcare. Need Assignment Help?
a. Identify the exposure, outcome, and potential confounder(s) in this study.
b. Explain why the identified variable(s) are confounders (remember: associated with the exposure AND the outcome, and not in the causal pathway).
c. Describe two methods the researchers could use to adjust for or reduce confounding in this study.
d. Provide an example of confounding by indication and explain how it differs from the confounding in this scenario.