Problem: Officer Clark is a sworn policeman by day and a private security guard by night. One night, while on duty as a security guard in the parking lot outside a major retail store, Clark witnessed Lenore Rand, a patron whom he suspected of shoplifting, leaving the store. Clark confronted Rand, seized her bag, and discovered several items that she had not paid for. The incident was reported, and the evidence was turned over to the police. May Rand mount a Fourth Amendment challenge to Clark's actions?