Problem: The principal at a local middle school observes each teacher during a yearly evaluation. The principal observes not only teaching style and student rapport, but also student work and productivity. The principal continually notes how engaged and productive students are during her visit and is convinced the teacher must be the reason for positive behaviors. If the teacher's behavior during the observation is actually due to the presence of the principal, this is known as the
- Reliability effect
- Hawthorne effect
- Participant behavior effect
- Observer expectancy effect