Principles of Anatomy and Physiology in Sport:
1 Know the structure and function of the skeletal system:
Structure of skeletal system: axial skeleton; appendicular skeleton; types of bone (long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, sesamoid bones); location of major bones (cranium, clavicle, ribs, sternum, humerus, radius, ulna, scapula, ilium, pubis, ischium, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, vertebral column – cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx)
Function of skeletal system: support; protection; attachment for skeletal muscle; source of blood cell production; store of minerals
Joints: fixed; slightly moveable; synovial/freely moveable (types, structures, movement at each joint)
2 Know the structure and function of the muscular system
Muscular system: major muscles (biceps, triceps, deltoids, pectoralis major, rectus abdominis, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis anterior, erector spinae, teres major, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, obliques, gluteus maximus); function; location; types of muscle (cardiac, skeletal, smooth)
Function of the muscular system: movement – antagonistic pairs (agonist, antagonist); fixator; synergist; types of contraction (isometric, concentric, eccentric, isokinetic)
Fibre types: Type 1; Type 2a; Type 2b; characteristics; type%z?q sports each are associated with
3 Know the structure and function of the cardiovascular system
Structure of the cardiovascular system: heart (atria, ventricles, bicuspid valve, tricuspid valve, aortic valve, pulmonary valve, aorta, vena cava – superior and inferior, pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery); blood vessels (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veins, venuoles)
Function of the cardiovascular system: delivery of oxygen and nutrients; removal of waste products; thermoregulation (vasodilation and vasoconstriction of vessels); function of blood (oxygen transport, clotting, fighting infection)
4 Know the structure and function of the respiratory system
Structure of the respiratory system: nasal cavity; epiglottis; pharynx; larynx; trachea; bronchus; bronchioles; lungs (lobes, pleural membrane, thoracic cavity, visceral pleura, pleural fluid, alveoli); diaphragm; intercostal muscles (external and internal)
Function: gaseous exchange; mechanisms of breathing (inspiration and expiration); lung volumes, eg tidal volume, vital capacity, residual volume; control of breathing (neural and chemical)
5 Know the different types of energy systems
Energy systems: phosphocreatine; lactic acid system; aerobic energy system; amount of ATP produced by each system; sports that use these systems to provide energy; recovery time.
To achieve a pass grade the evidence must show that the learner is able to:
To achieve a merit grade the evidence must show that, in addition to the pass criteria, the learner is able to:
To achieve a distinction grade the evidence must show that, in addition to the pass and merit criteria, the learner is able to:
Describe the structure and function of the skeletal system.
Describe the different classifications of joints.
Identify the location of the major muscles in the human body.
Describe the function of the muscular system and the different fibre types.
Explain the function of the muscular system and the different fibre types.
Analyse the function of the muscular system and the different fibre types.
Describe the structure and function of the cardiovascular system.
Explain the function of the cardiovascular system.
Describe the structure and function of the respiratory system.
Explain the function of the respiratory system.
Describe the three different energy systems and their use in sport and exercise activities.
Explain the three different energy systems and their use in sport and exercise activities.
Analyse the three different energy systems and their use in sport and exercise activities.