A grade 30 cast iron pressure vessel has a sealed head diameter of 20 inches. It uses ten 1 1/4 UNF steel studs that are fully threaded and have an effective grip length of 6 inches.
The studs are made of grade 8 material.
a) Find the torque (in-lb) necessary to tighten to 90 percent of the proof strenth, assuming cadmium plated threads.
b) If the pressure vessel is pressurized to 500 psi, determine the total load per bolt.