Question 1 Financial statement disclosures
One of the projects that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is currently undertaking is the Disclosure Initiative project, with the aim of improving communication in financial reports.
The IASB has identified three main concerns about disclosures in financial statements, namely: there is not enough relevant information in the notes, there is irrelevant information in the notes, and there is ineffective communication of the information provided.
The IASB released a discussion paper in March 2017, DP 2017/1 ‘Disclosure Initiative - Principles of Disclosure' and is currently seeking feedback on the disclosure issues identified and on the Board's preliminary views on how to address them.
You are an investor who, for years, has struggled to work through and understand all of the note disclosures when analysing and comparing the financial reports of companies that you are considering investing in.
You are currently considering investing in either CBA or NAB. After reviewing and comparing the note disclosures provided in their 2017 annual reports, you plan to make a submission in response to the IASB's discussion paper. In your submission, you plan to provide feedback in response to ‘Section 2 - Principles of Effective Communication' of the discussion paper, given the difficulties that you have faced due to ineffective communication in financial reports.
In section 2 of the Discussion Paper, the IASB has proposed that a set of principles of effective communication be developed. The seven principles identified in the Discussion Paper are that information in the financial reports should be:
Entity specific;?Clear and simple;?Organised to highlight important matters; Linked to related information;?Free from unnecessary duplication; Comparable; and?In an appropriate format.
Required:
Download and the Discussion Paper DP 2017/1 ‘Disclosure Initiative - Principles of Disclosure' (copy available in the 'Resources' folder on Interact).
Download the 2017 annual reports for CBA and NAB. Review and compare the notes that form part of each entity's financial reports (copy available in the 'Resources' folder on Interact).
Prepare a letter to the IASB. In your letter:
Discuss which of the seven principles of effective communication you feel are lacking the most in the note disclosures contained in the 2017 financial reports of CBA and NAB (and hence which principles you think that the IASB needs to put the most work into, in order to improve communication in financial reports).
Suggest two specific changes that you think will make the biggest improvement to the effectiveness of note disclosures for investors like yourself, given the issues discussed above.
(Word limit: 1200 words)
Question 2
Revaluation of property, plant and equipment
Sunshine Ltd reported the following information for plant and equipment in its statement of financial position at 1 July 2016:
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$
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Plant and equipment - at cost
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1,000,000
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Less: accumulated depreciation
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(305,000)
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695,000
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The records of Sunshine Ltd as at 1 July 2016 showed that the plant and equipment consisted of two items:
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Plant X
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Plant Y
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$
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$
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Cost
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800,000
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200,000
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Carrying amount
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575,000
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120,000
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Both items of plant are depreciated on a straight-line basis over 10 years. Plant X has an estimated residual value of $50,000, and Plant Y has an estimated residual value of nil.
On 1 July 2017, the directors of Sunshine Ltd decide to change from the cost model to the revaluation model. The following information applies:
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1 July 2017
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1 July 2018
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Plant X
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Plant Y
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Plant X
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Plant Y
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Fair value
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$460,000
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$110,000
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$410,000
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$90,000
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Remaining useful life
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6 years
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5 years
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5 years
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4 years
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Estimated residual value
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$40, 000
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nil
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40,000
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nil
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Assume a tax rate of 30%.
Required:
Prepare all relevant journal entries for Sunshine Ltd's plant and equipment for the period 1 July 2016 to 30 June 2019 (including entries for depreciation and all necessary revaluation entries). Show narrations and all relevant workings.