One year ago, you purchased 600 shares of a stock. This morning you sold those shares and realized a total return of 3.1 percent. Given this information, you know for sure the:
a. stock increased in value over the past year.
b. dividend yield is greater than zero.
c. sum of the dividend yield and the capital gains yield is 3.1 percent.
d. stock paid a dividend.
e. stock price increased by 3.1 percent over the last year.