1. Direct observation of phenomena, empirically testable hypotheses, and the ability to rule out rival hypotheses are all essential tenets of the _____.
A. experiential method
B. scientific method
C. intuitive process
D. strategic management process
E. account planning philosophy
2. The statement, "Sales in Pacific Timber Products have increased in the past six months," is an example of a(n) _____.
A. inductive argument
B. deductive argument
C. exposition
D. research question
E. proposition
3. Consider the following statements: "Inner-city household interviewing is especially difficult and expensive. This survey involves substantial inner-city household interviewing. The interviewing in this survey will be especially difficult and expensive." This is an example of a(n) _____.
A. empirical argument
B. inductive argument
C. exposition
D. deductive argument
E. hypothesis
4. _____ is a form of reasoning that draws a conclusion from one or more particular facts or pieces of evidence.
A. Induction
B. Deduction
C. Empiricism
D. Logic
E. Association
5. Consider the following example: "Retail sales increases in the 2005 holiday season were below projections. Sales were disappointing because consumers were not confident about economic growth." This is an example of a(n) _____.
A. inductive argument
B. deductive argument
C. empirical argument
D. fact
E. premise
6. Which term below refers to a bundle of meanings or characteristics associated with certain concrete, unambiguous events, objects, conditions, or situations?
A. Variable
B. Construct
C. Concept
D. Theory
E. Model
7. A _____ is an image or abstract idea specifically invented for a given research and/or theory-building purpose.
A. variable
B. construct
C. concept
D. theory
E. model
8. Automobile is a(n) _____ concept, while service quality is a(n) _____ concept.
A. abstract, objective
B. subjective, objective
C. intangible, tangible
D. objective, abstract
E. factual, perceptual
9. Concepts are more _____, while constructs are more _____.
A. concrete, abstract
B. abstract, concrete
C. intangible, tangible
D. conceptual, factual
E. intuitive, logical
10. Jack observes his neighbor's purchase behavior with new automobiles. His neighbor purchases a new car every year and always seems to have a nicer model than the year before. Jack thinks the dealership must sell to his neighbor's fascination with new car styles. In this example, interest in new car styles is a _____.
A. construct
B. fact
C. concept
D. theory
E. model
11. Bill often feels insecure about how others view him. To increase his feelings of self-esteem, Bill often buys expensive, luxury items. Self-esteem is an example of a _____.
A. construct
B. fact
C. concept
D. theory
E. model
12. To be categorized as a customer, an individual must have a history of shopping at the establishment at least twice prior to the start of the study with expenditures of more than $10. This is an example of a(n) _____.
A. hypothetical construct
B. conceptual scheme
C. operational definition
D. dictionary definition
E. mediating variable
13. James is entering data on client gender. Because the values entered reflect male or female, this variable is _____.
A. discrete
B. dichotomous
C. continuous
D. ratio-scaled
E. metric
14. Jason is using the demographic variables of highest level of educational attainment (high school graduate, some college, college graduate, graduate school) and ethnicity (Asian, African-American, Caucasian, Hispanic, other) to describe survey respondents. Both are examples of _____ variables.
A. dichotomous
B. discrete
C. continuous
D. dependent
E. mediating
15. Rachel is interested in learning the effect of using a celebrity endorsement on sales. The presence or absence of a celebrity endorsement is the _____ variable.
A. independent
B. dependent
C. mediating
D. criterion
E. continuous
16. Variables that are included because they are believed to have a significant contributory or contingent effect on the IV-DV relationship are called _____ variables.
A. criterion
B. predictor
C. mediator
D. moderator
E. extraneous
17. In the Southeast, the potato chip market share held by the Lays brand is 46%. This is an example of a(n) _____.
A. research question
B. descriptive hypothesis
C. relational hypothesis
D. explanatory hypothesis
E. correlational hypothesis
18. Potato chip sales vary directly with the level of television viewing. This is an example of a _____.
A. research question
B. descriptive hypothesis
C. correlational hypothesis
D. causal hypothesis
E. dichotomous hypothesis
19. An increase in hours of television viewing leads to increases in the sales of snack foods. This is an example of a_____.
A. research question
B. descriptive hypothesis
C. correlational hypothesis
D. causal hypothesis
E. dichotomous hypothesis
20. Which of the following is an explanatory hypothesis?
A. Young women purchase fewer meats than women who are 35 years of age or older.
B. Sales of vegetarian foods vary by season.
C. An increase in family income leads to an increase in the percentage of income spent on housing.
D. Real estate investment trusts (REITs) experienced a record level of profitability in 2004.
E. People in the South tend to rate the President more favorably than do people in the North.
21. A Google search can be classified as which type of information source?
A. Secondary
B. Primary
C. Tertiary
D. Statistical
E. External
22. The problem or opportunity that requires a business decision is called the _____.
A. research question
B. management-research-question hierarchy
C. management dilemma
D. management question
E. investigative question
23. Which of the following questions is considered when discussing the management dilemma?
A. How can management eliminate negative symptoms?
B. What does the manager need to know to choose the best alternative from the available sources of action?
C. What is the recommended course of action?
D. What symptoms cause management concern?
E. What should be asked or observed to obtain the information the manager needs?
24. BankChoice is concerned about stagnating profits and asks, "How can profitability be improved?" This is an example of a(n) _____.
A. management question
B. research question
C. investigative question
D. measurement question
E. management dilemma
25. The process of stating the basic dilemma and then developing other questions by progressively breaking down the original question into more specific ones is called the _____.
A. research question
B. management-research-question hierarchy
C. management dilemma
D. management question
E. investigative question
26. Data originating from studies that are conducted by others and for a different purpose than the one for which the data are being reviewed are called _____ data.
A. primary
B. secondary
C. quantitative
D. statistical
E. descriptive
27. What is the first step in conducting an experiment?
A. Specify the level(s) of the treatment
B. Choose the experimental design
C. Control the experimental environment
D. Select and assign participants
E. Select relevant variables
28. Which variable in an experiment is the variable expected to be affected by the manipulation?
A. Dependent variable
B. Extraneous variable
C. Moderating variable
D. Independent variable
E. Mediating variable