A company operates four machines during three shifts each day. From production records, the data in the table below were collected. At the .05 level of significance test to determine if the number of breakdowns is independent of the shift.
Machine
Shift A B C D
1 41 20 12 16
2 31 11 9 14
3 15 17 16 10
A. The number of breakdowns is dependent on the shift, because the test value 11.649 is less than the critical value of 12.592.
B. The claim that the number of breakdowns is independent of the shift cannot be rejected, because the test value 11.649 is less than the critical value of 12.592.
C. The number of breakdowns is dependent on the shift, because the p-value is .07.
D. The number of breakdowns is independent of the shift, because the test value 12.592 is greater than the critical value of 11.649.