Here's a quote from the medical journal: "An uncontrolled experiment in 8 women found the significantly enhanced mean clinical symptom score after treatment. Methodologic flaws make it difficult to interpret results of this study." The authors of this paper are skeptical regarding the significant improvement because
a) The sample size was too small.
b) Doctors are always skeptical.
c) The response variable may not have an exactly Normal distribution in the population.
d) There is no control group, so the improvement might be due to the placebo effect or to the fact that many medical conditions improve over time.
e) The P-value given was P = 0.04, which is too large to be convincing.