Question 1: Injection of 10 ml of saline at 200 C into the right atrium gives rise to a momentary fall in Swan Ganz catheter tip temperature, which is positioned in the right pulmonary artery. This fall in temperature can be approximated to a triangle, with a maximum fall of 0.50 C and a duration2 of 7 seconds. See elsewhere for physical properties of blood and saline. Assume the initial temperature of the blood is 37.00 C. Estimate Cardiac Output in l/min.
Question 2: Cardiac output can also be estimated non-invasively by using radioactive substances or by high frequency electric current. Explain ONE of these methods explaining advantages and disadvantages compared to the method in (a).
Question 3: What factors lead to myocardial ischaemia (MI) and how can the risk of a life-threatening MI be reduced through surgical procedures?