Q1. Describe why the Undo Pass of recovery procedure is executed in the backward direction and Redo Pass is executed in the forward direction?
Q2. Describe the Multi-version Time-stamp ordering protocol.
Q3. Describe the main methods for recovery from non-catastrophic transaction failure.
Q4. Write detail notes on any three of the given:
a) Emerging threats to the database systems.
b) Merits and demerits of distributed DBMS.
c) Data cubes and their usages in the data warehousing.
d) ROLAP and MOLAP.