The question is asking you to introduce Aristotle’s logic, esp. the syllogism, and then explain how it completes his larger project to describe nature.
This is some of the in-class notes given:
Natural philosophy- the theory of how the world works.
The syllogism, valid argument, is used to determine reliability of the statements as opposed to the truth. It consists of a major premise, which is derived from previously established true statements; a minor premise which is the condition being investigated and the conclusion which is deduced from the premises. This syllogism incorporated the use of an axiomatic system where statements can not be broken down into smaller components.
One source should be:
Ede & Cormack. A History of Science in Society. 2nd Edition.