1. A portion of a gene contains the following sequence: GAAGGAGTAGCA. After transcription, it gives the mRNA sequence: CUUCCUCAUCGU, which is then translated to the amino acid sequence leucine-proline-histidine-arginine. Suppose a mutation causes the fourth A in the DNA sequence change to T. Predict the amino acid sequence. How would this affect the protein produced? What if the fourth A is changed to G? Propose a hypothesis as to why there are redundant codons for each amino acid.
2. Name two proteins that are required in each stage of translation in eukaryotic cells. Briefly explain each protein's function.