Problem
I. What is the name of the protein surrounding lipid droplets that prevents lipolysis?
II. What happens to cause the protein that surrounds lipid droplets to permit an enzyme access to the lipid-droplet triacylglycerides so the enzyme can remove acyl groups from the glycerol backbone of the triacylglycerides?
III. Name the enzyme that adds two acyl groups in TAG (triacylglycerol) synthesis.
IV. What is the name of the enzyme that removes 2 acyl groups from triglycerides at the lipid droplet?
V. What epinephrine-pathway enzyme acts directly on the lipid-droplet "gate-keeper" proteins (and on the enzyme that removes 2 acyl groups from triacylglycerols) to stimulate removal of acyl groups from triglycerides?
VI. Describe the role of albumin, and why its necessary, in fat metabolism?
VII. Lipid droplets in muscle are characteristically surrounded by a particular organelle. What organelle is this?
VIII. Name the fat-storage cells in adipose tissue.
IX. Name the fatty-acid and glycerol precursors (the activated versions of the compounds listed below) for triacylglycerol synthesis.
Fatty Acid:
Glycerol:
X. The glycerol precursor for TAG (triacylglycerol) synthesis is made by GPDH from what glycolysis intermediate?
XI. Which enzyme activates free fatty acids (FFAs) for incorporation in TAGs?
XII. FFAs get into muscle fibers by way of ___________________ (either single specific name would suffice).
XIII. What chemical property of phospholipids makes them so well-suited for incorporation into membranes?
XIV. What does it mean for a fatty acid to be polyunsaturated?
XV. Most of the glycerol produced by the breakdown of triacylglycerols in adipose tissue travels through the blood and enters the _______________________ pathway in the ____________________ (organ).
XVI. What is the shortest acyl-CoA (referring only to the number of carbons in the acyl group) that has to be transported into the mitochondrial matrix?
XVII. What is done to long acyl-CoAs to allow them to be transported into the mitochondrial matrix?
XVIII. Name 3 products of one round of β-oxidation.