1. If we could somehow pull one equivalent (one faraday) of positive charge in a small ball 10 cm away from one equivalent of negative charge, e.g., a mole of chloride ions, on another small ball, what would the force (in N) pulling the two balls towards each other be? How does this force compare to that exerted on the tracks by a 20 ton train locomotive on the Earth's surface due to the Earth's the gravitational force? (Imagine trying to hold the balls apart.)
2. Multiphoton laser ionization is a process in which a high power laser induces ionization of a molecule by causing it to absorb many identical photons at the same time and pool their energy to attain enough to reach the ionization potential, in other words enough to knock an electron completely off the molecule. The ionization potential of a nitrogen molecule is approximately 15.5 eV. What is the minimum number of photons from the beam of a 1054 nm high power laser that must be absorbed by a nitrogen molecule simultaneously to cause multi-photon ionization?