Miles Pizza Pub was the only pizza restaurant in Centerville, Indiana, a community consisting of approximately 10,000 residents. When Allen moved to Centerville, he noticed that Miles was extremely successful, and sought to create his own pizza parlor, Allen's Pizza. To get an edge over Miles, Allen published an advertisement in the local newspaper stating that Miles Pizza sponsored another town's minor league football team, the Richmond Badgers. The citizens of Centerville were outraged to hear such news as the town was extremely devoted to the local minor league football team, the Centerville Warriors. Miles lost significant revenue, and over half of his consumer base. Consequently, Miles sued Allen for defamation, as he had never supported nor sponsored the Richmond Badgers. The court found Allen guilty of defamation, and ordered that Allen compensate Miles for damages that Miles had incurred.
But what if the facts of the case were different? Select each set of facts below that could change the outcome of the case.