1. Which of the following individuals pioneered the use of chemicals to reduce the incidence of infections during surgery?
A. Snow
B. Ehrlich
C Lister
D Semmelweis
E Nightingale
2. All of the following are associated with algae EXCEPT:
A they are photosynthetic organisms.
B they are a source of food for aquatic and marine animals.
C they are important in the degradation of dead plants and animals.
D the group includes seaweeds and kelps.
E they provide most of the oxygen on Earth.
3. Robert Koch was involved in research on all of the following topics EXCEPT:
A development of a method to prove the cause of an infectious disease.
B the cause of anthrax.
C the cause of fermentation.
D techniques for isolation of microbes in the laboratory.
E the cause of tuberculosis.
4. Some vaccines are
A substances used to protect against infections during surgery.
B weakened strains of a pathogen used to protect against disease.
C methods of replacing defective genes.
D substances used to kill microorganisms differentially.
E substances used to treat a metabolic disease such as phenylketonuria.
5. All of the following are associated with Corynebacterium EXCEPT:
A diphtheria.
B palisades.
C coccus.
D binary fission.
E snapping division.
6. Malachite green is used in which of the following staining procedures?
A Gram stain
B endospore stain
C acid-fast stain
D capsule stain
E flagellar stain
7. All of the following are associated with smear preparation EXCEPT:
A killing the microbes in the specimen.
B fixation using heat.
C fixation using methanol or formalin.
D agglutination of the specimen.
E spreading the specimen onto a slide.
8. All of the following are types of light microscopes EXCEPT:
A confocal.
B phase-contrast.
C bright-field.
D scanning tunneling.
E fluorescent.
9. The kingdoms included in the Linnaeus system are:
A Animalia and Prokaryotae.
B Animalia and Plantae.
C Fungi and Protista.
D Protista and Plantae.
E Prokaryotae and Protista.
10. Carl Woese proposed the concept of the domain based on differences of which of the following cellular molecules?
A DNA
B proteins
C membrane lipids
D transfer RNA
E ribosomal RNA