Know the organs of the respiratory system
What organs include the upper and lower respiratory tracts?
What is pulmonary ventilation?
What is alveolar ventilation?
Where is the actual site for gas exchange?
Know the flow of air from the nose to the alveoli (make sure you also trace the air through the bronchi)
What are Type I and Type II cells?
What is surfactant material and what is its function?
Know the muscles involved in inspiration, expiration, and forced ventilation
Know the normal partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood
Know the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in venous blood
What is the mechanism of gas exchange between the alveoli and the blood?
What is a pneumothorax?
What is a saturation curve for hemoglobin? Explain what happens to the curve during high and low temperatures, increased or decreased pH, and increased or decreased CO2.
How is oxygen transported in blood?
How is carbon dioxide transported in blood?
Which is the most important chemical regulator of respiration?
What happens to the rate of ventilation if carbon dioxide increases in blood?
What is the Hering-Breuer reflex?
Explain what happens to the thoracic cavity (in terms of size) during inspiration and expiration
Know the different lung volumes, what they represent, and the calculations to determine lung capacities
What are some of the factors that will increase the amount of oxygen released by hemoglobin to peripheral tissues? Explain what happens with the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
What is compliance and elasticity?
What is chloride shift? What is reverse chloride shift?.