Problem:
I know that it has transcellular activity i.e. it can pass through neighbouring cells. However, I am not completely sure if it does not have paracellular activity, see this:
H. pylori did not induce any modification of the paracellular pathway (R = 148 ± 10 versus 174 ± 16 ? · cm2; JNa = 4.16 ± 0.44 versus 3.51 ± 0.41 ?Eq/h · cm2; JMan = 0.081 ± 0.01 versus 0.058 ± 0.009 ?mol/h · cm2), nor did it modify J3H-HRP (2,201 ± 255 versus 2,110 ± 210 ng/h · cm2 for H. pylori-infected and control cells, respectively). However, in the presence of H. pylori, we observed a significant increase in JHRPi (520 ± 146 versus 171 ± 88 ng/h · cm2). This effect was not dependent of the cag status of the strain and was not reproduced by the sonicates or the culture supernatants.
Required:
Question: Is there any evidence that Helicobacter pylori has paracellular activity?
Could anyone help me please?